VLMはネイティブな行動モデルである:明示的行動空間グラウンディングによる操作能力の解放
VLMs are Native Action Models: Unleashing the Manipulation Capabilities of VLMs with Explicit Action-Space Grounding
VLMの視覚・空間推論能力を、ツール中心点を基準にした行動フレームを手首カメラ画像に投影しテキスト生成として行動を表現することで、追加の行動モジュールやロボット行動事前学習なしに直接操作行動を生成できるようにしたフレームワークEASGを提案。
詳しい要約
1. どんなもの?
2. 先行研究と比べてどこがすごい?
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著者: Jingkun Yi, Shujie Zhang, Zirui Zhou, Haoxiao Wang, Haiyang Sun, Yuhang Dong, Xudong Xu, Xing Shen, Tao Zhang, Yong Liu, Jiangning Zhang
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) already exhibit strong visual, spatial and reasoning capabilities relevant to robotic manipulation. The key challenge in turning pretrained VLMs into generalist manipulation policies is to expose these capabilities through an appropriate action interface. Vision-language-action (VLA) models provide a unified trainable policy, but typically introduce learned action tokens, action heads, or action experts whose semantics must be learned from robot data pretraining. In contrast, modular foundation-model-based manipulation methods can exploit pretrained VLM capabilities for zero-shot manipulation, but rely on external planning and control scaffolds that are not end-to-end trainable as a unified continuous-action policy. In this work, we introduce EASG, an Explicit Action-Space Grounding framework that bridges these two paradigms. By projecting a tool center point (TCP)-centered action frame into the wrist camera observation and expressing actions in the form of VLM's native textual generation interface, EASG makes the semantics of a continuous robot action space directly observable in the VLM's perceptual context. This allows pretrained VLMs to directly generate executable robot actions using their existing visual-spatial reasoning capabilities, without robot-action pretraining or additional action modules. Besides, the same action interface supports direct fine-tuning with robot trajectories, allowing the models to continuously improve beyond their manipulation capabilities unleashed by EASG. Overall, EASG enables zero-shot manipulation and generalization across object positions, categories, and robot embodiments, while supporting effective fine-tuning in the same continuous action space. These results demonstrate that, given an appropriate action interface, pretrained VLMs can themselves serve as native action models for robotic manipulation.