言語は符号化されるが制御に至らない:視覚言語ロボット政策における接地ギャップの解明
Encoded but Not in Control: Revealing the Grounding Gap in Vision-Language Robot Policies
視覚言語行動政策が指示を符号化しても、シーンに基づく元の対象選択を変えられない「接地ギャップ」を、指示介入実験と注意分析により明らかにした。
詳しい要約
1. どんなもの?
2. 先行研究と比べてどこがすごい?
3. 技術・手法の肝は?
4. どうやって有効だと検証した?
5. 議論はある?
6. 次に読むべき論文は?
※ AIが要旨から生成した要約です。正確性は原文をご確認ください。
著者: Shaohan Jiang, Jiahang Cao, Qiduo He, Fengting Deng, Kun Wu, Jingkai Sun, Jiaxu Wang, Qiang Zhang, Qihao Zheng, Chunfeng Song, Ping Luo, Andrew F. Luo
分類: cs.RO, cs.LG
原文アブストラクト
Instruction following is central to language-conditioned robot policies: language should determine what to do when the same scene permits multiple valid actions. Yet successful execution alone cannot establish whether a policy follows the instruction or infers the task from the scene. We study this ambiguity through scene-preserving instruction interventions, using valid target substitutions, arbitrary nouns, and unrelated sentences while holding the scene fixed. We evaluate vision-language-action (VLA) policies and world-action models (WAMs) in simulation and in real-world experiments. Our analysis addresses three questions: (a) Does task success imply instruction following? When instructions request a different visible object, all evaluated policies predominantly approach and pick up the incorrect original target associated with the scene. (b) Is this failure caused by language insensitivity? Instruction perturbations affect task performance. A layerwise action lens shows intermediate action predictions respond to these perturbations. Linear probes accurately recover instructed targets, indicating modified instructions are encoded despite rarely determining target selection. (c) Why does encoded language fail to control action? Attention analysis indicates weak instruction-token contributions to action generation. Target-token attention can remain focused on the original object, revealing a mismatch between target encoding and visual grounding. UMAP and shared non-negative matrix factorization show target information remains accessible within representations increasingly organized by scene identity. Our findings expose a grounding gap concealed by nominal success and provide a diagnostic framework. They further establish a concrete criterion for progress: policies should reliably follow valid changes in user intent, even when they conflict with scene-favored behavior.