オンボード軽量LLM推論による人を意識した安全なUAVナビゲーション
Onboard Lightweight LLM Reasoning for Human-Aware Safe UAV Navigation
歩行者や車などのカテゴリごとのリスクを軽量LLMで推論し、遮蔽物があっても安全制約を維持するUAVナビゲーション手法を提案。Jetson上でリアルタイム動作し、衝突を約3分の1に削減した。
詳しい要約
1. どんなもの?
2. 先行研究と比べてどこがすごい?
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著者: Siwei Cai, Yuwei Wu, Vijay Kumar, Lifeng Zhou
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Aerial robots operating near people must treat a pedestrian, a parked car, and a wall differently, yet conventional perception--planning stacks reduce all of them to occupied geometry---a \emph{human-aware safety gap} in which category-specific clearance is unavailable to the planner and temporary occlusions remove pedestrian-specific constraints from its map. We present a modular, fully onboard pipeline that closes this gap by turning visual observations into context-dependent safety constraints for real-time UAV navigation. A shared BLIP encoder drives scene captioning and text-conditioned segmentation, which is fused with depth to localize obstacles in 3D. Obstacle-specific risk is inferred by a lightweight LLM (Qwen-2.5-0.5B) stabilized with retrieval-augmented generation and grammar-constrained decoding that restricts its output to a planner-compatible JSON schema. The LLM reasons once per object category rather than per frame: its verdicts are cached per class, so previously seen categories are resolved without inference and new ones trigger a fresh retrieval-grounded query; detections are additionally given persistent identities and held in the map across occlusions. The perception pipeline runs at 10\,Hz on a Jetson Orin NX, while fallback LLM queries take approximately 0.8\,s and remain off the control-critical path. In Gazebo, low-altitude urban navigation among pedestrians and vehicles shows a roughly $3\times$ reduction in collision events over a geometric planner, and semantics-aware landing among moving actors raises success from 34\% to 96\%. The 224-pixel encoder input limits reliable small-object perception at range; conservative pedestrian margins and short-term persistence mitigate this limitation during navigation.
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