ScaffoldM3C: 生成的な安定構築計画のためのマルチモーダル逐次モンテカルロフレームワーク
ScaffoldM3C: A Multimodal Sequential Monte Carlo Framework for Generative Stable Construction Planning
テキスト・画像・スケッチを条件に、足場ブロックを活用しながら安定したブロック構造の組み立て手順を生成する軽量マルチモーダルモデルを提案。逐次モンテカルロで複数の組み立て候補を並行探索し、従来比4倍小型で5〜20倍高速化を実現した。
詳しい要約
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著者: Gadiel Sznaier Camps, Chengyang He, Guillaume Sartoretti, Eduardo Montijano, Mac Schwager
分類: cs.RO, cs.LG
原文アブストラクト
Autonomously constructing physically realizable 3D structures remains a significant challenge due to combinatorial action spaces, interchangeable components, equifinal assembly sequences, and strict stability requirements during construction. State-of-the-art methods fine-tune large language models for text-based generative construction. However, these approaches do not allow for Multimodal (text, image, sketch) conditioning, overlook the practical role of scaffolding for stabilizing intermediate structures, and suffer from slow inference speeds. Therefore, we formulate construction as a probabilistic next-block generation task with multiple potential assembly actions and multiple potential task conditioning modalities. Concurrently, we explicitly consider the utility of scaffolding by introducing an auxiliary scaffold block token. We present Scaffold Multimodal Monte Carlo (ScaffoldM3C), a multimodal, lightweight, auto-regressive model for stable block-based construction, that proposes a set of next-step candidate blocks. Leveraging these candidates, we utilize Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) to maintain a population of possible assembly sequences, allowing us to consider multiple, potentially different, assembly directions simultaneously. We train our multimodal architecture by extending the StableText2Brick dataset to contain image conditioning prompts and scaffold-stabilized build sequences. ScaffoldM3C is 4x smaller than competing baselines, yielding a 5x to 20x speedup during inference, while achieving comparable construction quality to state-of-the-art methods and higher overall stability. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through simulations and real-world robot assembly demonstrations.