Imp-ACT: 適応インピーダンス制御とTransformerによるアクションチャンキングで接触の多いマニピュレーションをデモから学習
Imp-ACT: Adaptive Impedance Control and Action Chunking with Transformers to Learn Contact-Rich Manipulation from Demonstrations
テレオペレーション中に自己調整インピーダンス制御で運動方向の剛性を適応させ、その剛性を視覚・固有感覚・力覚と共に記録し、TransformerベースのACTで把持動作と剛性を予測する手法を提案。拭き取りやプラグ挿入で低接触力と高成功率を実現。
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著者: Luca Zanetti, Doganay Sirintuna, Idil Ozdamar, Pietro Balatti, Heng Zhang, Arash Ajoudani
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Contact-rich manipulation requires robots to balance accurate motion tracking with compliant interaction, yet most visual-action policies leave compliance fixed at the controller level. We present Imp-ACT, a methodologically grounded and practical approach to incorporating direction-dependent Cartesian stiffness modulation directly into demonstration collection, without manual stiffness selection or offline target reconstruction. During teleoperation, a self-tuning impedance controller adapts stiffness along the instantaneous direction of motion while maintaining compliance in orthogonal directions. The adapted stiffness is applied and recorded alongside visual observations and motion commands, capturing motion and compliance under the same dynamics. We implement this pipeline using Action Chunking with Transformer (ACT) to predict end-effector pose, gripper action, and motion-direction stiffness from visual, proprioceptive, and wrench observations. The performance of Imp-ACT is evaluated on wiping and plug insertion using both success rate and quantitative measures of contact behavior. Compared with fixed low- and high-stiffness baselines, Imp-ACT achieves comparable or higher success while maintaining low interaction forces. In wiping, it reduces contact-force vibration by approximately $29\times$ relative to the compliant baseline and $180\times$ relative to the stiff baseline. In plug insertion, it reduces forces orthogonal to the insertion direction by $43\%$ relative to the better fixed-stiffness baseline. These results highlight the benefit of maintaining sufficient stiffness along the direction needed for task execution while preserving compliance in other directions to limit contact forces and accommodate environmental constraints.