行動類似性監督による潜在行動モデルの異機体間転移の改善
Improving Cross-embodiment Transfer in Latent Action Models with Action-Similarity Supervision
潜在行動モデルにおいて、真の行動を予測する代わりに行動間の類似性を監督信号として用いることで、異なるロボット間での知識転移性能を向上させる手法を提案した。
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著者: Maxime Alvarez, Renzo Caballero, Tatsuya Matsushima, Yusuke Iwasawa, Yutaka Matsuo
分類: cs.RO, cs.AI
原文アブストラクト
As generalist robot policies gain vision and language from web-scale pretraining, demonstrations remain costly to collect and tied to the robot that recorded them. Latent action models (LAMs) address both by learning latent actions from action-free videos that can be shared across embodiments, however, in practice, LAMs are sensitive to background visual noise, and the same motion from two different robots may be encoded with different latents. One solution to the background visual noise is to add an auxiliary loss predicting the robot action from the latent action, further associating the latent action space to the embodiment specific robot action space. We study a different use of the same labels, through action-similarity supervision. The similarity between any two latent actions is trained to match the similarity of the two ground-truth robot action sequences. The ground-truth actions are never predicted by the LAM, so the latent action does not need to encode embodiment specifics. We evaluate cross-embodiment transfer on RoboTwin 2.0 in a controlled setup, two bimanual robots demonstrate disjoint task sets, a policy is trained on all the demonstrations, and each robot is evaluated closed-loop on the tasks only the other demonstrated. With the policy architecture and its hyperparameters, the dataset, and the evaluation protocol fixed, predicting latent actions instead of ground-truth actions more than doubles cross-embodiment success. Given the same ground-truth actions, similarity supervision transfers better than an auxiliary loss that predicts the ground-truth action during the LAM training. Computing the similarities on end-effector motion rather than joint-space motion, and letting the loss compare latent actions across the two robots, gives the best approach of the study.