NumerosityVLM: 視覚言語モデルにおける数量表現の解釈のための認知に着想を得たベンチマーク
NumerosityVLM: A Cognitively Inspired Benchmark for Interpreting Numerosity Representations in Vision-Language Models
視覚言語モデルの数量知覚能力を評価するため、物体の大きさや配置などの視覚的要因を独立に操作した合成画像ベンチマークを構築し、モデル性能の要因分析と層別プロービングを行った。
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著者: Yiming Fu, Fangjun Li, Xiujin Liu, Ruidong Ma, Hang Yu, Zhichen Lu, Kanwei He, Alessandro Di Nuovo, Angelo Cangelosi, Zhegong Shangguan
分類: cs.CV, cs.AI
原文アブストラクト
Vision-language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on high-level multimodal tasks, yet numerosity perception, a cognitive ability that emerges in human infants before language acquisition, remains poorly understood in current models, as existing counting benchmarks entangle numerosity with correlated visual factors. We introduce a cognitively inspired diagnostic benchmark, NumerosityVLM, comprising 10,800 synthetic images across six controlled conditions. The benchmark orthogonally manipulates object size, spatial arrangement, and numerosity, while progressively ablating texture, shape, and color. Evaluating seven VLMs in a zero-shot setting, multi-factor analysis reveals that model architecture explains the largest proportion of performance variance (partial $ω^{2}=0.325$), far exceeding visual conditions. Layer-wise probing further shows that linearly separable numerosity signals consistently emerge at early stages of the vision encoder, while performance differences across evaluated models are primarily associated with the language model component. Code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/fuy3/NumerosityVLM-Benchmark, and https://huggingface.co/datasets/fuy3/NumerosityVLM.