微分可能シミュレーションで動く狭い隙間をくぐる視覚運動制御のクアッドロータ飛行学習
Learning Visuomotor Quadrotor Flight Through Dynamic Narrow Gaps via Differentiable Simulation
微分可能な移動隙間モデルを用い、機体の視覚・慣性情報から直接推力と姿勢指令を出す制御方策を教師なしで一から学習し、実機で動く狭い隙間の通過に成功した。
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著者: Riccardo Bianco, Yunfan Ren, Jiaxu Xing, Davide Scaramuzza
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Threading a quadrotor through a moving narrow gap is a demanding test of agile flight, requiring centimeter-level spatial alignment and precise temporal execution. We address this challenge using a control policy that operates directly on onboard visual and inertial measurements to output collective thrust and body-rate commands. The task is difficult because success lies on a thin feasible manifold: small errors in timing, position, attitude, or visual observability cause collision. Prior planning and learning methods rely on privileged state, teachers, planners, or distillation; learning dynamic narrow-gap traversal directly, from scratch, remains open. We introduce a differentiable moving-gap formulation that gates centering, alignment, and smooth collision terms by signed distance to a time-varying gap plane, turning a sparse traversal event into a dense pathwise objective. We integrate this formulation into a visual-feature-to-command policy trained in one stage from random initialization, without a teacher, planner, or distillation. We validate our approach in both synthetic and real-world experiments. In controlled benchmarks, we demonstrate that pathwise gradients significantly outperform score-function gradients for precision-critical tasks, yielding a 99.3% success rate in simulation after only a few minutes of training on a single GPU. Furthermore, the policy transfers directly to a real quadrotor, successfully crossing a dynamic narrow gap from varied initial conditions using onboard sensing and inertial measurements, achieving an 80% success rate over 10 physical trials.