行動表現の方向・スケール分解:VLAモデルで何をトークン化すべきかの再考
Direction-Scale Decomposition in Action Representation: Rethinking What to Tokenize for Vision-Language-Action Models
VLAモデルの行動トークン化において、並進・回転の増分を方向とスケールに分解するDSD表現を提案し、シミュレーションと実機で成功率の向上を実証した。
詳しい要約
1. どんなもの?
2. 先行研究と比べてどこがすごい?
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著者: Yufei Duan, Hang Yin, Alberta Longhini, Chao Tang, Danica Kragic
分類: cs.CV, cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Action representation plays a central role in discrete-token vision-language-action (VLA) learning but remains underexamined. Under conventional pose-increment representations, action tokens are sensitive to execution speed and dataset-specific normalization, potentially obscuring geometric structure shared across demonstrations and datasets. We introduce Direction-Scale Decomposition (DSD), an action representation that decomposes translation and rotation increments into direction and scale components before tokenization. DSD isolates motion direction while retaining magnitudes in separate scale channels. We evaluate DSD with uniform binning (BIN) and BEAST, a B-spline-based tokenizer, in simulation and real-world manipulation under both single-dataset and mixed-dataset training. On LIBERO, DSD improves average success rates with both tokenizers. On SimplerEnv, DSD-BIN outperforms BIN by 10.3 percentage points in overall success rate under mixed-dataset training. Real-robot experiments further show gains both with and without robotics pretraining. These results support DSD as an effective action representation for discrete-token VLA models and suggest its potential to mitigate performance degradation when training on large and diverse dataset mixtures. Our project page with additional resources is available at https://vla-dsd.github.io/