オドメトリ支援による前方監視ソナーを用いた水中ロボットのリアルタイムマッピング
Odometry-Aided Real-Time Mapping for Underwater Robots Using Forward-Looking Sonar
前方監視ソナーの劣化画像からFFTノイズ除去・MCFAR検出・境界接続で特徴を抽出し、姿勢を考慮した投影と占有蓄積で2.5D地図をリアルタイム構築する手法を提案。プール実験でRMSE 3cm未満、1フレーム42.4msを達成。
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著者: Siyuan Du, Kanzhong Yao, Youdong Wang, Yingqi Liu, Qingwen Liu, Qunhui Yang, Zhe Sun, Xuelong Li
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Reliable perception is essential for underwater vehicles operating in complex environments, where light attenuation and scattering often degrade visibility and compromise optical sensing. Forward-looking sonar (FLS) offers an alternative by providing high-frame-rate acoustic imaging under poor optical conditions. However, real-time FLS mapping remains challenging due to unresolved target elevation, spatially non-uniform noise, and fragmented target boundaries, which hinder feature extraction and introduce geometric ambiguity during projection. To address these challenges, we propose a cascaded feature reconstruction pipeline combining fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based denoising, fast multiscale constant false alarm rate (MCFAR) detection, and gradient-adaptive boundary connection to extract geometric features from degraded sonar images with low latency. We integrate attitude-aware geometric projection with incremental occupancy accumulation to construct a depth-referenced 2.5D map for local mapping in confined underwater environments. The sonar's vertical position is referenced to an external sensor, while target elevation is assigned under an explicit geometric assumption rather than measured directly by FLS. Experiments in a 3 m X 5 m pool demonstrate centimeter-scale planar mapping accuracy, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) below 3 cm across three sequences and an average processing time of 42.4 ms per frame.