状態制約付き微分可能アクター・クリティックMPCによる安全で高速なロボットナビゲーション
AC-SMPC: Differentiable Actor--Critic MPC with State Constraints for Safe and Fast Robot Navigation
ロボットと障害物を頂点・半空間で表現し、衝突回避制約を微分可能なMPC層に組み込んだアクター・クリティック型モデル予測制御を提案。狭所での動的衝突回避を伴うマルチロボット実験で、安全性を保ちつつナビゲーション効率が向上することを示した。
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著者: Chaoran Wu, Jiayu Fan, Qichen Tan, Yuyi Liu, Jin Wang
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Achieving safe navigation in confined dynamic environments remains a challenging problem, as robots must balance navigation efficiency with safety. Existing actor--critic MPC architectures typically employ differentiable MPC layers, but this way cannot readily accommodate explicit state constraints, making it intractable to involve collision avoidance within learning-based planning. To address this issue, we propose an actor--critic model predictive control framework with state constraints. We first use vertices to represent the robot and obstacles, and half-spaces to represent the workspace. Based on these, the nonlinear robot dynamics is locally linearized and the hyperplane-based collision avoidance constraints are convexified into the differentiable MPC layer, and then the actor exploits closed-loop feedback to adjust the MPC objective parameters that shape local motion behavior, while the critic evaluates long-term task performance. We further relax the convexified constraints with bounded and penalized slack variables to form an elastic quadratic program, accommodating cases where the local constraint approximations cannot be satisfied simultaneously. Simulation tests and experiments, involving dynamic collision avoidance for multi-robot in narrow cases, illustrate the advantages of the proposed framework in adaptively adjusting the learned policy and improving navigation efficiency over existing approaches while maintaining the motion safety.