高速計画と忠実な行動:階層型視覚言語行動モデルにおける計画・実行ギャップの解消
Fast Plans, Faithful Actions: Closing the Planning-Execution Gap in Hierarchical Vision-Language-Action Models
階層型VLAの計画器と実行器の不一致を分析し、ブロック自己回帰デコーディングと正規化ゴール変調で計画遅延を8.7倍削減しつつ計画の活用を改善した。
詳しい要約
1. どんなもの?
2. 先行研究と比べてどこがすごい?
3. 技術・手法の肝は?
4. どうやって有効だと検証した?
5. 議論はある?
6. 次に読むべき論文は?
※ AIが要旨から生成した要約です。正確性は原文をご確認ください。
著者: Chuanliang Xie, Boyu Ma, Gen Li, Yizhou Liu, Houwang Chen, Xinyu Zhou, Jianfei Yang
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Hierarchical vision-language-action (VLA) systems consist of a high-level vision-language planner and a low-level action expert that generates continuous actions. This hierarchical design has practical value only if the planner can generate plans fast enough to meet real-time control requirements, and the resulting plans actually contribute to the generation of action. We study one such system, a waypoint hierarchy pipeline adapted from $π_{0.5}$, and find that neither requirement is satisfied. This baseline relies on token-level autoregressive decoding (Token-AR) to generate a waypoint plan, requiring 57 very expensive vision-language model (VLM) forward passes. However, we find that erasing the waypoint endpoints has little effect on task success. Two findings reveal the misalignment of planner-executor: the planner generates outputs at an excessively fine granularity, and the executor underuses plans as a control condition. We address the latency issue with waypoint-aligned block-autoregressive decoding (Block-AR), and plan underuse issue with normalized goal modulation (NGM), a layer-wise goal path constrained by phase gating and anti-shortcut training so that the waypoint influences action generation maintaining other signals. Our method reduces the maximum number of VLM forward passes from 57 to 8 on LIBERO, including one prefix prefill, and achieves an $8.7\times$ reduction in planning latency on a Rokae dual-arm robot. With normalized goal modulation and anti-shortcut training, Block-AR's success rate on LIBERO-Long increases from 91.0% to 96.2%, while its average success rate across the four suites increases from 95.85% to 98.45%. On three bimanual tasks with this robot, success rates remain comparable across methods.