反証による行動検証:言語モデルエージェントのための推測と反駁
Action Verification through Conjecture and Refutation for Language Model Agents
言語モデルエージェントの行動を、支持証拠を探すのではなく反証仮説を立てて検証するBlackSwan手法を提案し、AppWorldやWebShopで成功率を大幅に改善した。
詳しい要約
1. どんなもの?
2. 先行研究と比べてどこがすごい?
3. 技術・手法の肝は?
4. どうやって有効だと検証した?
5. 議論はある?
6. 次に読むべき論文は?
※ AIが要旨から生成した要約です。正確性は原文をご確認ください。
著者: Minhyeon Oh, Chiyeong Heo, Geonwoo Noh, Hoyoung Kim, Jangwon Son, Jungseul Ok
分類: cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.LG
原文アブストラクト
Language model agents increasingly act on users' behalf by manipulating external environments through tools, often from high-level instructions that leave critical task- and environment-specific context unstated. To prevent resulting misaligned actions, recent work verifies proposed actions before execution, largely by establishing whether the conditions supporting them hold. We argue that this confirmation-oriented view leaves a fundamental blind spot: a wrong action often passes every check that asks whether it is right. This motivates a different question for verification: rather than asking what evidence supports an action, can the agent find evidence that refutes it? We pursue this direction with BlackSwan, a refutation-oriented, expect-suspect-test procedure that predicts the intended effect of each state-mutating action, formulates specific and empirically testable hypotheses for how it could be wrong, and tests them using existing observations or additional non-mutating actions, executing the action only if none survives testing. On challenging AppWorld tasks, BlackSwan improves success rate over the strongest baseline by 14.9 and 25.2%p with and without the backbone model's thinking mode, respectively. Even without thinking or in-context demonstrations, it outperforms stronger baselines equipped with them. The gains also transfer beyond AppWorld, with BlackSwan improving WebShop performance by 12.7%p. More broadly, our results suggest that language model agents have an underused capacity to recognize and self-correct misaligned actions, which can be systematically elicited through active conjecture and refutation before execution.