LiDAR物体検出における不確実性評価によるSOTIF解析の性能目標適用可否判定
Uncertainty Evaluation to Support Safety of the Intended Functionality Analysis for Determining the Applicability of Performance Targets Across Triggering Conditions in ML-Based LiDAR Object Detection
MLベースのLiDAR物体検出器のSOTIF解析のため、不確実性閾値をトリガー条件へ転移し、統計的検定で性能目標の適用可否を判定する手法を提案し、KITTIとnuScenesで評価した。
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著者: Milin Patel, Rolf Jung
分類: cs.CV, cs.LG, cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
For safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) analysis according to ISO 21448, a machine learning object detector for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds can meet a performance target, a limit on the mean per-frame share of wrong detections among accepted detections, by rejecting detections above an uncertainty threshold. A threshold selected on data of one condition carries a statistical guarantee only for data distributed like its selection data, whereas SOTIF analysis covers every triggering condition. This paper presents an uncertainty evaluation in which the threshold is transferred into a triggering condition, a test decides at a stated error probability whether the target is applicable there, not applicable or not determined, and a lower bound counts the independent units an applicable outcome requires. For PointPillars ensembles on KITTI and nuScenes, counted in recorded sequences, as the dependence between frames requires, neither dataset held enough independent units for any target limit, and no transfer had a not applicable outcome. Counted in frames, the same data gave not applicable outcomes at limits fixed in advance after transfers into far distance, into rain and between two separately trained detectors, thresholds that met the target limit after a transfer rejected most correct detections, and in rain the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve did not decrease. A performance target met under one condition therefore counts as evidence under a triggering condition only after a test there, reported with its share of accepted correct detections and its number of independent recorded sequences.