借り物の目:四足歩行ロボットの観測によるマーカーレス・ナノUAV飛行
Borrowed Eyes: Markerless Nano-UAV Flight with an Active Quadruped Observer
四足歩行ロボットのアーム搭載カメラでナノUAVを追跡・位置推定し、無線で位置情報を送ることで、GNSS拒否環境でもナノUAVが飛行できるシステムを開発した。
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著者: Alejandro Lorite Mora, Dimitrios Arapis, Andrés Faíña
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Nano unmanned aerial vehicles (nano-UAVs) can navigate confined spaces that larger robots cannot, but their payload capacity severely limits the sensors and compute available for self-localization in global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-denied environments. We present a vision-based system that localizes a nano-UAV from a quadruped robot with an arm-mounted camera. The quadruped tracks the drone, estimates its position in its own coordinate system using segmentation masks and depth, and transmits that position over a real-time radio link. To ensure continuous tracking, we developed a perception-aware nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC) that dynamically adjusts the quadruped's body and arm to maximize the drone's visibility, treating observation reliability as a primary control objective. Relying solely on this external estimate, the nano-UAV executed predefined trajectories from takeoff to landing with a median 3D localization error of 59 mm. The system demonstrates robustness against short visual occlusions by smoothly transitioning to onboard inertial flight when line-of-sight is temporarily lost. Ultimately, this framework allows a quadruped to offload the localization burden of a nano-UAV, enabling inspection of complex spaces that neither robot could navigate alone.