深層強化学習と進化的ハイブリッド設計による視覚的群れナビゲーション
Visual Swarm Navigation via Deep Reinforcement Learning and Evolutionary Hybrid Design
単眼カメラ画像のみを用いる小型ニューラルネットワークを、マルチエージェント強化学習と進化的戦略(CEM/CMA-ES)で最適化し、群れロボットの自律的な視覚ナビゲーションを実現した。
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著者: Álvaro Díez, Fidel Aznar
分類: cs.RO, cs.MA, cs.NE
原文アブストラクト
Swarm robotics presents a robust and cost-effective paradigm for advanced automation in complex, dynamic environments, such as those encountered in search and rescue or environmental monitoring. A fundamental challenge for this field is the data-driven design of decentralized controllers capable of generating emergent collective behaviors. This paper proposes a novel, AI-driven hybrid methodology for the automatic synthesis of swarm robotic controllers for autonomous visual navigation. This approach synergistically combines multi-agent reinforcement learning with neuro-evolutionary strategies, specifically leveraging implementations of the cross-entropy method and the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy to optimize a pre-trained individual navigation policy. The underlying deep architecture is engineered for low-cost, resource-constrained platforms, utilizing a compact neural network that relies exclusively on monocular camera imagery. This vision-based design emphasizes computational and energy efficiency, a critical requirement for practical swarm deployments. Experiments, performed in a high-fidelity physics simulator, demonstrate that the resulting controllers enable robust and scalable collective exploration of diverse indoor environments. The controller trained using our cross-entropy method achieves superior exploration coverage, visiting 36.20% more regions compared to the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy. Critically, our best vision-based policy achieves exploration performance statistically comparable to traditional methods relying on more expensive distance sensors, while delivering a significant 31.40% average reduction in energy consumption. These findings validate an effective and economically viable autonomous control system, establishing a path for deploying highly efficient collective intelligence in real-world engineering applications.