sensVLA: ホイールローダー自律制御のための空間接地型視覚-言語-行動モデル
sensVLA: Spatially-Grounded Vision-Language-Action Model for Autonomous Wheel Loader
LiDARから得た鳥瞰図特徴を専用のクロスアテンション経路で行動エキスパートに直接入力し、RGB画像による言語推論と分離することで、ホイールローダーの積載作業精度とカメラ故障時の耐性を向上させたVLAモデル。
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著者: Gopi Krishna Erabati, Bjarne Johannsen, Angus Stewart, Vardeep Singh Sandhu
分類: cs.CV, cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Autonomous wheel-loader control requires joint reasoning over task semantics, egocentric vision, proprioception, and 3D scene geometry. We present sensVLA, a Vision-Language-Action (VLA) architecture that combines a Qwen3-2B Vision-Language Model (VLM) with a fully trainable transformer action expert trained by flow-matching velocity regression. sensVLA routes Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) features, extracted from fused front and rear lidar, directly to the action expert through a dedicated cross-attention pathway, while the VLM consumes front and rear RGB views to provide task-conditioned semantic context. This design decouples spatial grounding from linguistic reasoning while preserving interaction between both streams at decision time. The expert predicts six action dimensions: longitudinal velocity, steering, body-frame displacement, arm rate, and bucket rate. On a real-world dataset from a wheel loader, sensVLA reaches aggregate per-step parity with a strong camera-only baseline and reduces longitudinal velocity RMSE by 28% and displacement error by 9% on loading centric scenarios. It also degrades 29% less when the camera stream is corrupted or removed, evidencing that explicit spatial grounding improves accuracy and fault-tolerance for heavy equipment autonomy.