3つの距離センサのみを用いたUAVの学習ベース動的障害物回避
Learning-Based Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance for a UAV Using Only Three Range Sensors
3つの低コスト距離センサのみで、未知の動的環境を飛行するUAVの強化学習による障害物回避・目標到達手法を提案。ビヘイビアグリッドマップとPPOを組み合わせ、シミュレーションでMPCやPPO変種を上回る成功率を達成した。
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著者: Mohammad Reza Ranjbar Divkoti, A. Pedro Aguiar
分類: cs.RO, eess.SY
原文アブストラクト
We present a learning-based approach to kinodynamic online motion planning for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operating at a fixed altitude in unknown dynamic environments, where real-time avoidance of both static and dynamic obstacles must be achieved under conditions of extreme partial observability. The UAV is controlled with a single degree of freedom (yaw only), resulting in constrained, nonholonomic motion similar to fixed-wing platforms. The proposed framework integrates a behavior grid map representation with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), using Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) for stable policy learning in continuous control. The key idea is the co-design of a state representation and control policy that enables reliable navigation using only three low-cost directional range sensors, without reliance on dense sensing modalities such as LiDAR or vision-based systems. The behavior grid map dynamically aggregates sparse measurements into a structured local representation that supports real-time decision-making for obstacle avoidance and target reaching. Extensive simulations across environments of varying sizes and obstacle densities demonstrate that the proposed standard and enhanced methods achieve higher success rates than PPO variants and Model Predictive Control (MPC) (94\% vs. 79--90\% in small-scale high-congestion scenarios, and 83\% vs. 62--71\% in large-scale high-congestion scenarios), while maintaining real-time performance. Real-world experiments across four scenarios further confirm practical feasibility, with consistent target-reaching behaviour and no collisions under the tested conditions.