CLAMP: 視覚言語組み込みプランニングのための制約付きデコーディング
CLAMP: Constrained Decoding for Vision-Language Embodied Planning
視覚言語モデルによるプランニングを実行可能にするため、シーン情報をデコーディング時の制約として利用し、物体参照やアクションの妥当性を保証するフレームワークを提案した。
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著者: Tianyi Ma, Parisa Kordjamshidi
分類: cs.AI
原文アブストラクト
Embodied planning increasingly relies on vision-language models (VLMs) to translate instructions and visual observations into executable action sequences. However, fluent plans are not always executable. A VLM may refer to objects that are not visually observed, select actions whose required affordances are unavailable, or violate syntax and action constraints. We introduce CLAMP, a multimodal constraint-grounding framework that turns scene evidence into decoding-time constraints for a frozen VLM planner. CLAMP uses the initial observation to restrict object references to those supported by the scene, while a provided symbolic action model specifies state transitions and goals. During decoding, hard masks eliminate invalid next-token candidates, while a Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based world-state lookahead module reweights the probabilities of the remaining feasible candidates based on action preconditions and goal reachability. This allows the planner to retain the VLM's language prior while preventing visually unsupported, unsafe, or infeasible candidates from entering the plan. For unseen tasks and environments, CLAMP adapts the HMM at test time using label-free continuations sampled from the frozen VLM. Experiments on VLABench, SafeAgentBench, and TaPA show that scene-grounded constraints improve object grounding and safety, while most remaining failures stem from perception errors or misaligned constraint specifications.