OrthoSkillVLA: 勾配情報に基づくスキル部分空間適応による継続的スキル学習
OrthoSkillVLA: Continual Skill Learning via Gradient-Informed Skill Subspace Adaptation
事前学習済みのVLAモデルを複数のスキルに順次適応させる際に生じる破滅的忘却を防ぐため、VLMとActionHeadに別々の部分空間制約を課し、出力層には軽量なMoEデコーダを導入するパラメータ効率的な継続学習フレームワークを提案した。
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著者: Jiaqi Wang, Zhou Fang, Qiongfeng Shi, Yi Zhou
分類: cs.RO, cs.CV
原文アブストラクト
Pretrained Vision-Language-Action models provide a strong foundation for robot learning, but sequentially adapting them to diverse skills can perturb the representations and velocity mappings used by previous skills, leading to catastrophic forgetting. Architecture-based approaches improve retention by isolating skills but lead to increased inference footprint. Recent subspace-constrained methods restrict parameter updates in an orthogonal subspace to minimize interference but impose a unified constraint on the entire model. We analyze the distinct roles of internal VLA components and identify two VLA-specific challenges. First, the VLM maintains broad semantic representations, making it vulnerable to capacity exhaustion, whereas the ActionHead refines semantics into localized velocity patterns that are highly sensitive to perturbations. Second, the final velocity decoder serves as a readout layer. Freezing it forms an output-stage expressivity bottleneck, while updating it risks overwriting previous velocity mappings. To this end, we propose OrthoSkillVLA, a parameter-efficient framework for continual skill learning in pretrained VLA models without demonstration replay. Given the representation heterogeneity, we impose separate subspace constraints on the VLM and ActionHead, preserving reusable semantic capacity while protecting localized velocity patterns. For the output layer, we introduce a lightweight feature-aware MoE decoder, where each skill is allocated a compact expert and a training-free router selects the expert according to feature-space affinity. Extensive simulated and real-world evaluations, together with ablations, demonstrate that OrthoSkillVLA better preserves prior skills while acquiring new ones.