コンセプト鍼灸師:スパースオートエンコーダによる拡散モデルの効率的で精密な概念消去法
Concept Acupuncturist: An Efficient and Precise Concept Erasure Method for Diffusion Models via Sparse Autoencoders
拡散モデルから特定概念を消す際、U-Netのクロスアテンションブロックと概念の対応を解析して狙い撃ちし、スパースオートエンコーダで概念の絡みを解きほぐして高精度・高効率に消去する手法を提案。
詳しい要約
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著者: Yiran Xiahou, Siliang Qin, Kai Chen, Shengzhi Zhang, Renyang Liu
分類: cs.CV, cs.AI, cs.CR, cs.LG
原文アブストラクト
Diffusion-based image generation models produce high-quality images but may generate harmful or policy-violating content, motivating machine unlearning (MU) to selectively remove target concepts while preserving general capabilities. However, existing MU approaches often struggle with the distributed and entangled nature of concept representations, leading to inefficient optimization and imprecise edits when applied through large-scale fine-tuning over full diffusion trajectories. To bridge this gap, we propose Concept Acupuncturist (ConceptACP), a novel MU framework that integrates interpretability-guided analysis with inference-free fine-tuning for efficient and precise concept removal. By establishing mappings between semantic concepts and cross-attention blocks in the U-Net denoiser and localizing the most concept-relevant block for targeted optimization, ConceptACP avoids full diffusion trajectory optimization, thereby improving fine-tuning efficiency. To mitigate concept entanglement, we propose a feature-level correction mechanism based on Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs), where SAE-derived sparse, semantically meaningful feature activations are manipulated to construct targeted correction signals, which are then projected back to the output space of the corresponding block and used as supervision for precise concept removal. Consequently, ConceptACP eliminates the need for external inference-time modules while achieving efficient and fine-grained unlearning. Instantiated on SDXL-Turbo, ConceptACP improves the forgetting success rate by 36.34 percentage points in the standard one-step generation setting on average over the best-performing baseline, while preserving image quality and prompt fidelity, and generalizes effectively across other Stable Diffusion backbones. Our code is available at https://github.com/Eran-Xia/ConceptACP.