重み付き拒否方向最適化:プロンプト別拒否方向の学習的統合によるアラインメント強化
WRDO: Weighted Refusal Direction Optimization in Aligned Language Models
有害プロンプトごとの拒否方向を学習した重みで統合するWRDOを提案し、単一方向介入より拒否挙動の破壊・復元が効果的であることを複数モデルと評価器で示した論文。
詳しい要約
1. どんなもの?
2. 先行研究と比べてどこがすごい?
3. 技術・手法の肝は?
4. どうやって有効だと検証した?
5. 議論はある?
6. 次に読むべき論文は?
※ AIが要旨から生成した要約です。正確性は原文をご確認ください。
著者: Grigoriy Evseev, Vladimir Solodkin, Dmitry Bylinkin, Daniil Medyakov, Vladimir Aletov, Aleksandr Beznosikov
分類: cs.LG, cs.CL
原文アブストラクト
Aligned large language models are trained to comply with benign requests while refusing harmful ones. However, recent work shows that this refusal behavior is fragile and can often be disrupted by simple activation- or weight-space interventions. In particular, refusal has been shown to be largely mediated by a single residual-stream direction, typically computed as a difference-of-means vector between harmful and harmless prompts. However, this standard construction aggregates heterogeneous harmful prompts into one uniform average, potentially conflating distinct refusal-related phenomena. In this work, we study whether refusal interventions can be strengthened by learning how to combine prompt-specific refusal directions. We propose Weighted Refusal Direction Optimization (WRDO), a procedure that constructs a composite refusal direction from a bank of per-prompt directions using learned aggregation weights. This approach allows different harmful prompts to contribute unequally to the final intervention direction. We evaluate WRDO against prior single-direction methods on three open-weight language models using three guard judges and HarmBench as an external evaluator. We further measure the effect of the intervention on general model capability through standard utility benchmarks. Finally, we investigate a defense-oriented setting in which the same optimization machinery is used in reverse to restore refusal behavior in an abliterated model checkpoint. Our results show that weighted aggregation provides a more effective and flexible mechanism for manipulating refusal representations.