タンパク質設計システムの事前学習・検索コーパスへのポイズニング攻撃
Poisoning the corpora of protein design systems during pre-training and retrieval
タンパク質言語モデルの事前学習データとテキスト誘導型タンパク質生成器の検索コーパスに対するデータのみのポイズニング攻撃を検証し、少数の汚染例でトリガー依存の生成や検索結果の操作が可能であることを示した。
詳しい要約
1. どんなもの?
2. 先行研究と比べてどこがすごい?
3. 技術・手法の肝は?
4. どうやって有効だと検証した?
5. 議論はある?
6. 次に読むべき論文は?
※ AIが要旨から生成した要約です。正確性は原文をご確認ください。
著者: Charalampos Koilakos, Kimon-Antonios Provatas, Michail Patsakis, Candace SY Chan, Georgios A. Pavlopoulos, Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
分類: cs.LG, q-bio.QM
原文アブストラクト
Protein foundation models increasingly support the generation of novel biological sequences, yet their reliance on large public datasets creates opportunities for adversarial manipulation of the material they learn from and retrieve. We investigate two data-only poisoning attacks against protein design systems, targeting the pre-training corpus of autoregressive protein language models and the retrieval corpus of a text-guided protein generator. For the first, we pre-trained ProtGPT2 and ProGen2 variants of 300 million parameters, introducing poisoned protein sequences containing one of two triggers followed by one of three payloads. Across all poisoned runs, both architectures acquired highly reliable trigger-dependent generation under uniform and ramped poisoning schedules. Under ramped exposure, the earliest majority activation occurred after only 200 contaminated examples, while for the uniform schedule earliest activation occurred around 5000 poisoned samples. For the second attack, we inserted records into a retrieval corpus system without modifying its weights or decoding procedure. A single query-aware record captured a top-16 retrieval position for 58\% of templated requests and 97\% of free-text requests. Conditional on successful poisoned retrieval, 62\% of requests produced altered sequences, while 19-21% acquired the inserted domain by profile-HMM homology. A universal query-unaware attack using 1,500 records also achieved substantial retrieval capture and domain transfer. Together, these findings demonstrate that adversarial protein sequence contributions can establish persistent, sequence-specific behaviour during pre-training or redirect protein generation at inference, while leaving ordinary model behaviour largely preserved. Our work establishes the integrity and biological provenance of protein sequence data as critical safeguards for generative protein design systems.