SmoothRL: 非同期実行中のオンライン強化学習
SmoothRL: Online Reinforcement Learning During Asynchronous Execution
事前学習済みロボットポリシーを非同期推論ループ内でオンライン強化学習により微調整するフレームワークを提案。非同期実行を考慮した学習により、高レイテンシ環境でもスムーズな制御を実現する。
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著者: Guang Gao, Yuxuan Nong, Baifu Huang, Jianan Wang
分類: cs.RO
原文アブストラクト
Deploying robot policies in the physical world requires satisfying two fundamental desiderata: reliability and smooth real-time execution. However, deploying state-of-the-art generalist models presents challenges on both fronts. Achieving the precision and robustness required for real-world deployment necessitates sample-efficient online reinforcement learning (RL) to adapt pretrained models. Meanwhile, the increasing scale of robot foundation models has led to higher inference latency. To satisfy real-time constraints under high latency, modern systems adopt asynchronous inference with action chunking, overlapping policy computation with chunk execution to hide latency and enable smooth control. Despite their complementary roles, integrating asynchronous execution with gradient-based online RL remains underexplored. We present SmoothRL, an online RL framework that fine-tunes a pretrained policy within an asynchronous inference loop. SmoothRL follows a value-gradient paradigm, directly updating policy parameters using gradients of the action-value function with respect to policy actions. To enable correct optimization under asynchronous execution, SmoothRL explicitly models the asynchronous inference process during training. Specifically, each generated action chunk is partitioned by frame index into three regions: a committed region, consisting of actions committed by the previous inference cycle; an execution region, containing newly generated actions executed by the robot; and a discarded region, containing actions superseded by the next inference cycle. Gradients are propagated only through the execution region, ensuring policy optimization aligns with the trajectory distribution induced by asynchronous execution. We evaluate SmoothRL on real-world robotic tasks requiring high precision, as well as highly dynamic tasks that necessitate asynchronous execution.