自動運転車に対する敵対的キャリブレーション攻撃
Adversarial Calibration Attack on Autonomous Vehicles
自動運転車のカメラとLiDARのオンラインキャリブレーションを標的とした初の物理攻撃手法を提案し、単一の敵対的ポスターで誤検知を誘発しつつキャリブレーションを誤らせることで、物体検出や走行制御に深刻な影響を与えることを示した。
詳しい要約
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著者: Liangkai Liu, Qingzhao Zhang, Kang G. Shin
分類: cs.RO, cs.CV, cs.ET, cs.LG, eess.SY
原文アブストラクト
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on accurate camera-LiDAR calibration for multimodal sensor fusion. In practice, calibration can drift due to vibration, temperature variation, or minor sensor displacement, motivating online calibration algorithms that detect and correct misalignment at runtime while allowing the vehicle to continue operating without a factory visit. Existing AV attacks largely assume correct calibration. We instead identify online sensor calibration as a new attack plane. A corrupted calibration update can persist across subsequent fusion operations, causing system-wide errors that propagate from perception to planning and control. We present Adversarial Calibration Attack (ACA), the first physical attack against camera-LiDAR online calibration. Using a single adversarial poster, ACA first spoofs the miscalibration detector to trigger the calibration process and then steers the calibration estimator toward an incorrect transformation. A unified optimization jointly designs the poster's geometry and texture for both objectives. We evaluate ACA across benchmark datasets, simulation, and physical experiments. On benchmark datasets such as KITTI and nuScenes, ACA induces up to 33.9 degrees mean rotational calibration error, thereby severely degrading object detection. In the CARLA simulator, the attack causes a collision when the corrupted calibration is accepted in vulnerable scenarios crafted by the attacker. On a real Husky robot, a printed adversarial poster successfully reproduces the calibration error. These results demonstrate that online calibration is a practical and safety-critical attack surface for AVs.
関連論文
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