CofactVLA: 反事実的介入による視覚・言語・行動モデルの交絡除去
CofactVLA: Deconfounding Vision-Language-Action Models via Counterfactual Intervention
視覚・言語・行動モデルが言語指示を無視して視覚的な交絡因子に過適合する問題を、反事実的介入を用いて軽減する新しい因果介入フレームワークを提案した。
詳しい要約
1. どんなもの?
2. 先行研究と比べてどこがすごい?
3. 技術・手法の肝は?
4. どうやって有効だと検証した?
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著者: Yan Zhang, Yinan Wu, Haoran Duan, Jungong Han
分類: cs.CV
原文アブストラクト
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have driven significant progress in robotic manipulation, yet they fundamentally struggle with the vision-override phenomenon. Driven by the severe modality imbalance between dense visual streams and sparse linguistic instructions, VLAs frequently fall prey to causal confusion. Instead of treating language as the primary causal driver, the policy entirely bypasses the original instruction by overfitting to spurious visual confounders, such as prominent objects or familiar layouts. To systematically alleviate this bias, we formalize the process of action generation as a Dual-path Deconfounding Graph (DDG) and propose CofactVLA, a novel causal intervention framework. By dynamically constructing a language-masked counterfactual branch within a single forward pass, CofactVLA isolates and neutralizes visual confounders through two synergistic mechanisms. First, Action-Level Orthogonal Projection Guidance (OPG) geometrically projects the factual velocity field away from the counterfactual visual bias during continuous flow matching, extracting the pure semantic intent. Second, Feature-Level Counterfactual Covariance Reduction (CCR) mathematically deconfounds latent representations by penalizing the positive eigenspace of the covariance difference, explicitly suppressing dominant visual shortcuts while preserving the causal language intent. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CofactVLA establishes a new state-of-the-art across diverse simulation benchmarks. Beyond simulation, real-world robot experiments demonstrate the causal efficacy of our method in bridging the generalization gap, yielding a 52.3\% absolute success rate gain under out-of-distribution scenarios.